Purpose: The global challenge of tackling corruption is a key concern for governments worldwide, irrespective of their developmental stage. It is a misconception to believe that corruption is limited to specific nations. Corruption, in its various manifestations, can inflict harm at different levels, from individuals to entire systems. It can establish intricate NETWORKs and exacerbate its institutional impact. Effectively addressing corruption demands a high level of intelligence, coherence, and precision in theoretical, analytical, and operational approaches. This article delves into the issue of NETWORK corruption and aims to develop a policy framework to combat corruption within metropolitan management NETWORKs and gardens. It underscores the universal nature of corruption and the need for a well-crafted strategy to combat it comprehensively.Design/ methodology/ approach: The article's methodology is qualitative and follows constructivist grounded theory. This theory, part of the second generation of grounded theories, offers more flexible and collaborative guiding principles to researchers compared to the first generation (such as Strauss and Glaser's approaches). The coding process in this methodology involves four key stages: initial, focused, axial, and theoretical coding. In this study, a semi-structured, in-depth interview was conducted with 20 participants from five main groups. Four coding stages were utilized, resulting in 465 initial codes, 196 focused codes, and 41 axial codes. These codes were then integrated into the main categories using the NETWORK theoretical coding framework to present the findings. To validate the results, the findings were assessed against the four criteria proposed by Charmaz and reviewed by experts to ensure their validity and reliability.Research Findings: The research findings regarding the development of a NETWORK to address NETWORK corruption in gardens encompass three key levels: the institutional-legal and economic aspects of the NETWORK; the NETWORK's structure, focusing on NETWORK types, member characteristics, relationships, obligations, and NETWORK performance against corruption; and the power dynamics and benefit distribution mechanisms. A significant discovery highlights the importance of aligning positions in NETWORK corruption with those in the anti-corruption NETWORK, which theoretically can exert pressure to control and mitigate NETWORK corruption effectively.Limitations & Consequences: The research focuses on the gardens of Tehran metropolis, primarily in the northern regions of the city, within the realm of policy-making in the context of policy formulation during the 1380s and 1390s. Corruption's elusive and intricate nature hinders access to precise and dependable information. Additionally, the study is constrained by its scientific research nature rather than a legal one, which would necessitate accusations and evidence of wrongdoing. Consequently, the research aims to uncover mechanisms without delving into legal implications to avoid potential legal ramifications.Practical Consequences: The current study introduces a range of proposed policies aimed at garnering interest from decision-makers. Within the policy domain, the focus is on pinpointing deficiencies in garden regulations and offering solutions that accommodate property owners' traditional construction practices. The anti-corruption NETWORK is directed towards identifying corrupt structures within gardens, such as gaps, concentrations, corrosive processes, procedures, and spaces. Institutional policy proposals involve activating passive administrative bodies to combat administrative corruption, increasing the risks and exposure of corrupt practices, imposing higher costs on city management officials involved in garden affairs, providing incentives for individuals and organizational support to prevent corruption, and leveraging media and legal resources to combat NETWORK corruption. Furthermore, procedural policy recommendations include restricting the avenues for NETWORK corruption and impeding its expansion by restructuring administrative processes to deter corruption, implementing case-specific interventions to prevent gardens from being converted into non-garden spaces, and preventing their gradual deterioration or removal.Innovation or value of the Article: This article has pursued innovations in two areas, which are: the first issue is the development of a NETWORK perspective in defining governance issues, especially in the field of corruption and the definition of corruption cycles in metropolitan management, the second aspect involves utilizing the dual nature of anti-NETWORK corruption efforts to counter NETWORKed corruption, setting up a battle between destructive and constructive NETWORKs.Paper Type: Original Paper 

Sound is one of the forms of mechanical energy and the two main characteristics of sound are intensity or power and frequency or wavelength of sound.their performance against the incoming sound wave, industrial silencers can be divided into two general groups of resonating and absorption silencers, the main difference between these silencers is the release of sound energy from the channeling system, which is one of the common examples of the use of resonating type silencers, their use in It is the internal combustion engines that distinguish absorption silencers from the resonator type based on the fact that the main and visible part of the act of muting the sound is achieved by changing sound energy to heat energy.The goal of this article is to design a muffler based on the breaking of sound frequencies resulting from the movement of fluid in the exhaust output of vehicles, which leads to a reduction of at least 50 db of sound and gives the operator enough peace and concentration. In this article, after examining three types of mufflers, absorbent mufflers that use the properties of porous absorbent material to absorb passing sound and are the simplest form of mufflers, have been selected, analyzed and reviewed and are suitable for the OM457 engine of Idem Industrial Company. It designed for maximum inlet exhaust temperature is 520 and for the maximum kW power is 315 with the maximum discharge relative pressure of 185 mbar for homogenization with the standard atmosphere.

Purpose: Resilience in start-ups is a challenging issue that has caught the attention of policymakers and business owners. The present study is an attempt to provide a model for DESIGNING the resilience model of start-up businesses as a path to the future of start-up businesses. Method: This research is practical in terms of purpose and from the perspective of data collection is a qualitative research that has been done by content analysis method. The data collection method is semi-structured interview. Interviews with participants continued until they reached the theoretical saturation point, which was achieved by conducting 15 interviews. Participants were selected by snowball and purposeful method and data analysis was done through three coding steps (open, axial, selective) with MAXQDA2020 software. Findings: Based on the research results, the components of "cognitive resilience, financial resilience, adaptive resilience" as well as the effective organizational factors of "precedent, drivers and boys and resilience consequences" were identified. In this research, foresight and futures studies were identified as the drivers of resilience of start-up businesses. Conclusion: Resilience enables businesses to respond effectively to the dynamic conditions of their environment and maximize their competencies through strategic foresight and as a result gain more value than their competitors in the field of business. In this regard, the integration of foresight in the process of business resilience can be suggested as a facilitator of drivers.

The purpose of the study was to design a curriculum for the elderly education based on dialogue education approach. Jane K. Vella is the setter of this approach and the most important feature of this approach can be considered its attention to the audience and their special needs. The method of conducting this research is the application of the recommendations of the dialogue education approach. Sampling among the elderly participating in the course was voluntary and by sending an invitation. In sending the invitation, an effort was made to cover the maximum diversity of education, gender, and social status. In order to select the content based on the participants' needs, the list of Iranian elderly's educational needs was given to the six elderly who attended the educational meetings for selection. After selecting the content, the elements of the dialogical curriculum were determined. In the implementation phase, changes were made to adapt to the context, in the design and implementation process, and all the implementation and design phases were validated by Vella and the team members. Considering the special characteristics of the elderly, such as having experience, independence and self-directedness, the curriculum used for them should be able to take into account these characteristics, and considering the high flexibility of the dialogue and listening approach, as well as the achievement of all learners to the goals of each meeting, the approach to design educational courses in centers whose audience is the elderly, can increase the effectiveness and attractiveness of the courses.

In this paper, a private telephone communication NETWORK of an electrical energy distribution company has been studied analytically and through discrete event system simulation. Considering the pitfalls and difficulties associated with the analytical approach in DESIGNING such a NETWORK and the power and performance of a simulation methodology in this regard, a simulation model was developed using GPSS/H simulation language. After data collection and analysis, model development and validation, initial transient study and design of experimental phases, the model was applied to determine the operating performance of the current system, as well as to evaluate the performance of any newly designed NETWORK before the installation and implementation of the new equipment.

The present study deals with DESIGNING a NETWORK governance model in Tehran municipality. This research is developmental in terms of purpose and descriptive-exploratory in terms of method. Interview tools were used to collect qualitative data. Participants in this study are managers and authorities of Tehran municipality, contractors and faculty members of universities with a history of working in the municipality. In order to design a NETWORK governance model in Tehran municipality, data-based theorization with Strauss and Corbin’ s approach has been used. According to the results of open and pivotal coding, the causal factors influencing NETWORK governance include the culture of participation, political powers, upstream laws, and popular organizations. In addition, effective contextual factors on NETWORK governance include cultural infrastructure, legal infrastructure, trust building, government support, behavioral training, team capacity, and NETWORKing infrastructure. Interfering factors include management barriers, cultural and social barriers, and organizational barriers, strategic and legal dilemmas. NETWORK governance strategies include developing information channels and environmental scanning, strengthening research and development infrastructures, developing collaborative NETWORKs for evaluating and selecting projects, outsourcing and developing citizen participation in decision making. The implications of NETWORK governance include economic efficiency, strategic development of urban services, and organizational effectiveness.

To date, widespread scientific research has been carried out that focuses on the definition of corruption, its dimensions and strategies to prevent and combat it. These studies can be classified in a range of micro-scale studies about administrator’ s activities to complicated studies that focus on identifying and combating systemic corruption. This paper aims to, in the first step, clarify the NETWORK corruption and differentiate it from other forms of corruption and then, pursue NETWORK corruption in metropolis management. Accordingly, NETWORK corruption in metropolis management is defined as a NETWORK of independent and dependent actors in government, public, and private sectors and NGOs which are formed around a set of corrupted activities in several missions of metropolis management and it can be seen on different levels of urban policymaking, planning s well as implementing urban plans and projects. The key point in NETWORK corruption is the trade-off between members around corrupted activities that benefit all the members and damage the public interest. Also, this paper aims to resolve the lack of a base study framework in NETWORK corruption in process of policymaking of metropolis management by presenting a base framework on this subject as the main finding of this research. This research is a qualitative study and an integrated/critical literature review methodology is used to review related library resources and documents. Regarding the definition of corruption, there is no universal agreement. Despite the many definitions and contextual uses of corruption, the most used definition of corruption is the abuse of public resources and administrative authority for private gain, however, since this definition is mainly focused on the public sphere, Transparency International )TI( has redefined it as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain. This new definition encompasses other sectors such as the private sector and NGOs. In this paper, the Karklins' definition of corruption is used which is defined as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain at the expense of the public good, although the latter is implicit in the notion of misuse, since the focus in this paper is on metropolis management and its missions, this thorough definition has been chosen. Also, in this paper, NETWORK corruption is pursued as a notion concept like Carvajal's research in which he classified the four steps to explain NETWORK corruption from creation to stabilization, including: 1. Setting of the corrupt nucleus 2. Expansion through a NETWORK of accomplices, 3. Exponential growth, and 4. Stabilization, however, we have also added 5. Termination to complete the circulation from birth to death of a NETWORK corruption. In addition to elaborating on the definition and process of creating and developing a NETWORK corruption, policymaking process in metropolis management is discussed in this paper. Several authors like Brouwer and Deleon )1983(, Howlett and Ramesh )2020(, Brewer, May and Wildavsky )1978(, Anderson )1975(, and Jenkins )1978( tried to explain this process, therefore public policy processes are consisted of: 1. Agenda-setting, 2. Policy formulation, 3. Implementation, 4. Evaluation and 5. Termination. In this research, these two theoretical frameworks have been combined to design a NETWORK corruption study framework in metropolis management. This framework can be applied in different fields and missions of metropolis management like architecture and urban planning, recycling management, and traffic and public transportation programs and projects.

Efficiency is a key success factor in complex supply chain NETWORKs. It is imperative to ensure proper flow of goods and services in humanitarian supply chains in response to a disaster. In this work, a mathematical model for DESIGNING a humanitarian supply chain NETWORK and vehicle routing problem considering cross-dock is proposed where a Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (III) has been used for implementing the proposed model in a large-scale problem. Since the model has been implemented in a large-scale case, various sensitivity analyses are performed to extract more interesting results. Accordingly, the results have shown that the costs have more effect on the first objective function (patients compared to total injuries) and the second one (shortage), respectively. Compared to the other two objective functions, the impact on the cost function is negligible. The effect of transportation cost of relief goods/ supplies from the supplier to the warehouse on the first objective function is higher than the others; however, the effect of this cost is further than that of the cost from the supplier to the distributor, accordingly, in comparison to the previous cost, the output has been more reacted to this cost. The transportation cost from the distributor to the warehouse (cross-docking) has less effect on the cost function unlike the transportation cost from the supplier to the warehouse. Nevertheless, as the result shows an increase in the cost can lead to a considerable increase in the ratio of patients to total injuries as well as shortage. In other words, the objective functions would deteriorate when this parameter tends to be increased.